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Recorder reports
49AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 13-GROUP STUDY ADDENDUM
landing recorded on the Flight Data Recorder (FDR), and four hypothetical go-around
scenarios based on Asiana flight 214 factual evidence. The nominal B777-200ER ... ground effect. As a result, each of the four hypothetical go-around scenarios
was evaluated first within the validated simulation envelope for free
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-05/02 (final report, ntsb.gov)
from the
bounced landings and his subsequent failure to execute a go-around.
The safety issues in this report include flight crew performance, the lack ... assigning various airspeeds
during the approach;
•
an initiation of a go-around after touchdown; and
•
a visual approach to the runway with the first officer
Aircraft Performance 13 - Exhibit 13-A Group Chairman's Study Report
sight by terrain ........................................ 22
VII. PAPI geometry and visibility .................................................................................. 23
VIII. Go-around maneuvers in the A300-600 engineering simulator ........................... 25
E. CONCLUSIONS ... less than a
second, becoming obscured by terrain almost immediately.
VIII. Go-around maneuvers in the A300-600 engineering simulator
As indicated in Table
COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER - GROUP CHAIRMAN'S FACTUAL REPORT AND TRANSCRIPT OF INVESTIGATION
replowed. At 07:17:35, Skywest 3208 was heard initiating a go-around. At
07:17:49, the crew informed the tower that they ... controller was heard asking Skywest 3208 why they had initiated a
go-around. At the same time, the first officer was heard asking the captain
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE
approximately 0550 UTC before
abandoning the landing attempt and executing a go-around. At 0606 UTC, the aircraft turned
again onto final for runway ... ground. The aircraft’s flight path during the first approach, go-around, and final approach are
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Aircraft radar track
Aircraft Performance 13 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of N818MV during the approach, landing, and
attempted go-around. Except for a single EGPWS point recorded at a radar altitude
ERRATA #2 to Aircraft Performance 13 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of N818MV during the approach, landing, and
attempted go-around. Except for a single EGPWS point recorded at a radar altitude
ERRATA to Aircraft Performance 13 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of N818MV during the approach, landing, and
attempted go-around. Except for a single EGPWS point recorded at a radar altitude
COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER - GROUP CHAIRMANA��S FACTUAL REPORT
transcript
describes the descent into STL, the first landing attempt, go-around, and subsequent
landing. The transcript ends after the tower asked the crew ... captain called STL tower and discussed the circumstances of the go-around.
• After the call, the captain explained to the first officer that the tower
Airplane Performance Study
Beechcraft 390 Premier 1A,
registration N777VG, crashed after a go-around attempt from runway 10 at Thomson-
McDuffie Regional Airport, Thomson, Georgia. The airplane ... page G-2, a balked landing is synonymous with a go-around.
4 The EGPWS recording begins as the airplane is accelerating with
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
sorry about the throttles thing too. you didn't call go-around
and it looked like you were reaching for the spoilers
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE STUDY
margin. The situation becomes more critical on
shorter runways; therefore, a go-around is the better option. A go-around is possible until the thrust ... reverser levers are raised.
Section 11.8.1 of the AOM, titled “Go-Around/Missed Approach Requirements,” states that
The Pilot Flying must execute a go-around
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-05/01 (final report, ntsb.gov)
determined that it would have been possible to conduct a
successful go-around if initiated at various points during the approach and landing.53
1.17 Operational ... FedEx’s flight operations manual (FOM), “the decision
to execute a go-around is both prudent and encouraged anytime the outcome of an
approach
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE STUDY
approximately
6,300 ft pressure altitude when the go-around mode was activated using one of the Go-around
(G/A) buttons on the throttle quadrant ... system1. A common pilot misperception during low visibility take-offs and
go-arounds is that the nose of the airplane is excessively high. This
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-10/01 (final report, ntsb.gov)
Transportation Safety Board of Canada
Vfri
flap retract speed
Vga
go-around speed
Vref
reference landing speed
VSR
reference stall speed
VMC
visual meteorological conditions ... knots (reference landing speed [Vref]) and 114 knots (go-around speed [Vga]),
and the captain acknowledged this information. About 2156:26, the first officer stated
Flight Data Recorder 10 - Specialist's Factual Report
Heading Select Mode AP Hdg Sel Mode
L Flt Dir Lateral Go-Around AP Lat GA Mode-L
R Flt Dir Lateral Go-Around ... Status
AP Trim Command AP Trim Cmd
L Flt Dir Vertical Go-Around AP Vert GA Mode-L
R Flt Dir Vertical Go-Around
Cockpit Voice Recorder - Factual Report
runway in the paved overrun area and performed a
go-around before circling back and successfully landing. There were no injuries to the 6
crew
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE STUDY
FDX1432 crew advanced the
engines, initiating a go-around.
The airplanes shown in Figure 9 through Figure 11 are sized such that their
length ... when FDX1432 advanced engine power
for a go-around. Airplane sizes are approximately to scale.
FDX1432 continued to descend for 2.5 seconds as the airplane
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 13-EXHIBIT 13A CRASH SITE FACTUAL REPORT AND ATTACHMENTS 1-10
approach procedures, normal landing procedures,
stabilized approach criteria, missed approach and go-around procedures, and weight and
balance procedures.
2.15 Related Boeing Guidance and Procedures ... Runway
28L utilizing I-SFO. In the event of a go-around on Runway 28L, turn
left heading 265(cid:176), or on Runway
Flight Data Recorder 10 - Specialist's Factual Report
Daylight Time (CDT)
7 & 8 Gear Down Timeframe CDT
9 & 10 Go-Around CDT
11 & 12 Incident Landing CDT
These figures are configured such that ... page 12]
Figure 9. Plot of basic flight parameters for go-around timeframe.
DCA12FA058
FDR Factual Report, page 10-12
[page 13]
Figure 10. Plot
Aircraft Performance 13 - Boeing Study
data in the files, encompassing the
initial approach, hard landing, go-around, second approach and the landing. The data was
supplied in both ... seconds of data), and the subsequent circuit and landing
following the go-around were not analyzed.
Narrative
The final approach segment, starting about time
Aircraft Performance 13 - ERRATA to the Aircraft Performance Study Addendum #1
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of
N818MV during the approach, landing, and attempted go-around.
The Performance Study concludes that, assuming sufficient braking effort2 throughout the
landing
Aircraft Performance 13 - ERRATA #2 to the Aircraft Performance Study Addendum #1
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of
N818MV during the approach, landing, and attempted go-around.
The Performance Study concludes that, assuming sufficient braking effort2 throughout the
landing
Aircraft Performance 13 - Aircraft Performance Study Addendum #1
Coast Jets, was destroyed
when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna
Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota ... speed, and acceleration of
N818MV during the approach, landing, and attempted go-around.
The Performance Study concludes that, assuming sufficient braking effort2 throughout the
landing
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER - SPECIALISTA��S FACTUAL REPORT
pressure altitude3 of 4,802
feet (ft) and includes the go-around and the final approach through the landing event. These
figures cover 27 minutes ... pressure altitude of 703 ft before it began its ascent and go-around at 11:10:04
EST.
At approximately 11:25:42 EST while
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Summary Factual Report of Investigation
around. The captain then radioed tower that they were executing a go-around and
declared an emergency. At 19:41:17, the first officer called ... intercom announcement
informing the passengers that they were performing a go-around and that they would be
trying the approach again in a few minutes
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-04/04 (final report, ntsb.gov)
York,
when a Boeing 737 ahead of their 727 performed a go-around. The 727 encountered the
wake from the 737. The flight engineer thought ... airplane pitched up. The
flight engineer stated that the go-around felt “weird” but that the first officer “flew the
airplane to do what
NTSB Recorders Group (CVR) Chairman's Report
flight director
without pushing the button?
2225:06
HOT -2 ah go-around button twice?
IAD01FA021
[page 35]
INTRA-COCKPIT COMMUNICATION
30of 42 AIRCRAFT ... SOURCE CONTENT
SOURCE CONTENT
2225:07
HOT- 1 no hold the go-around button and push the autopilot
disconnect button ... boom and they go away
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
collision with a utility pole, trees, and terrain
following a go-around at Thomson-McDuffie Regional Airport (HQU), Thomson,
Georgia. The airline transport-rated pilot ... Hawker Beechcraft 390 (N777VG), which crashed
after executing a go-around at the Thomson-McDuffie Regional Airport in
Thomson, Georgia.
LEGEND
CAM Cockpit area microphone
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
Coast Jets, was destroyed when it impacted terrain during an attempted go-around from
runway 30 at the Owatonna Degner Regional Airport (OWA), Owatonna, Minnesota
Aircraft Performance 13 - Study Addendum 1
position may be affected by the
autopilot during takeoff, approach, and go-around modes.2
The captain’s and first officer’s pilot applied control column ... dated March 10, 2008.
2 During the takeoff, approach, and go-around modes, the 717 autopilot drives the rudder through the dual rudder servo
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-19/02 (final report, ntsb.gov)
landing runway, which should have
prompted the crew to execute a go-around because the flight did not meet the company’s stabilized
approach criteria ... However, neither pilot called for a go-around, and the PIC (who had assumed
control of the airplane at this point in the flight) continued
NTSB Aircraft Accident Brief AAB-06/06 (final report, ntsb.gov)
criteria, the
nonflying pilot should call out, “missed approach,” and a go-around should be executed.
According to the Safety Board’s airplane performance study ... record either pilot
call for a missed approach or initiate a go-around.
Maintenance Records
During a review of Business Jet Services maintenance inspection records
Correspondence No. 2A: NTSB's Explanation to ECJ of the CVR Group's Reconvening Methodology
that impacted
terrain during an attempt to go-around from runway 30 at Owatonna Denger Regional
Airport (OWA), Owatonna, MN on July 31,2008:
After ... East Coast Jets, was destroyed when it impacted terrain
during a go-around from runway 30 at the Owatonna Degner Regional Airport (OWA),
near Owatonna
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
instructed the FO what to do in the event of a go-around. Ten seconds later an
electronic voice was recorded saying “five hundred
Flight Data Recorder - Specialist’s Factual Report
runway in the paved overrun area and performed a go-around
before circling back and successfully landing. There were no injuries to the 6 crew
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER 10-FACTUAL REPORT
perform another approach, which resulted in another go-around. At 00:12:21
EDT, the aircraft pitched up to eleven degrees and climbed back
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Group Chairman's Summary Report of Investigation
messages. The Captain decided not to land but
instead, to go-around and provide more time to assess the situation.
The crew then consulted
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE STUDY
following the Captain’s call for a go-around. The First
Officer input 16.7° of airplane-nose-up (ANU) elevator
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER - SPECIALIST'S FACTUAL REPORT
dashed line representing the time of
the initiation of the go-around by Airplane 1 (FedEx) is shown on each figure for
reference.
Table
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman
missed.
04:27:13.4
HOT-1 missed approach will be go-around thrust flaps positive rate gear up.
four hundred feet nav. thousand feet autopilot
Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Specialist's Factual Report
stop “right here.” Tower then advised
United Airlines flight 103 to go-around.
At 1252:03, the first officer made a passenger announcement advising
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER - SPECIALISTA��S FACTUAL REPORT
aircraft began to climb, indicative of a go-around.
The lowest recorded radio altitude during this approach was 96 feet above ground level
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report AAR-06/02 (final report, ntsb.gov)
indicated airspeed mode; BC,
instrument landing system backcourse; and GA, go-around mode.
Source: Honeywell
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE STUDY ALTITUDE ADDENDUM
accident airplane flew a series of night observation flights, executing go-arounds over
runway 1 and 33 at DCA as part of a Night Observation
Flight Data Recorder 10 - Specialist's Factual Report
Marshall International Airport, Baltimore, MD (BWI). The flight crew
executed a go-around and landed on runway 33L. The flight was a contract Defense
Department
GROUP CHAIRMAN’S FACTUAL REPORT OF INVESTIGATION
three two fifty on the speed-
bug and I'm in go-around and heading ah three
zero two one on the altimeter's giving
Flight Data Recorder 10 - Specialist's Factual Report
cargo flight from El
Paso, Texas, struck its tail during a go-around following an attempted landing in
Albuquerque, New Mexico. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed
FLIGHT DATA RECORDER - SPECIALISTA��S FACTUAL REPORT
Missouri, and struck
both wingtips on the runway before performing a go-around. The flight crew made an
uneventful landing on the second approach
Cockpit voice
5DCA08MA0982008-09-20 · Learjet LR60
23:44:05.5HOT-1flight instruments I've got zero on the airspeed one thirty six forty five fifty three two fifty on the speed- bug and I'm in go-around and heading ah three zero two one on the altimeter's giving me two hundred feet zero on the VSI and I'm heading three three five one times two times three times four and five.
DCA08MA0982008-09-20 · Learjet LR60
23:44:05.5HOT-1flight instruments I've got zero on the airspeed one thirty six forty five fifty three two fifty on the speed-bug and I'm in go-around and heading ah three zero two one on the altimeter's giving me two hundred feet zero on the VSI and I'm heading three three five one times two times three times four and five.
DCA09FA0482009-05-06 · BOEING DC-10
13:14:50CAM-3yeah dude I'm sorry about the throttles thing too. you didn't call go-around and it looked like you were reaching for the spoilers and hit em. I just kinda smacked em with the back of your hand.
DCA13MA1332013-08-14 · AIRBUS A300 - F4 622R
04:27:13.4HOT-1missed approach will be go-around thrust flaps positive rate gear up. four hundred feet nav. thousand feet autopilot one command. fifteen hundred feet climb thrust and at alt star we'll set green dot and clean it up on schedule.
IAD01FA0212000-12-30 · Jetstream 4101
22:25:06HOT-2 ah go-around button twice? IAD01FA021
Findings
50DCA26MA3522026-09-06 · BOEING 767-33A · 21 Air LLC
go-around.
00:10
Sounds similar to the airplane departing the paved
WPR26FA3092026-08-20 · CESSNA 441 · N128EZ LLC
go-around improbable if initiated past the MAP.”
Technicians who were stationed
DCA26LA2422026-06-20 · AIRBUS INDUSTRIE A319-114 · DELTA AIR LINES INC
go-around of DAL2351 at General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport (BOS), Boston
DCA26FA1942026-05-03 · BOEING 767-424ER · UNITED AIRLINES INC
go-around callout verbalized. The airplane landed, taxied to the gate, and all passengers
DCA26LA1392026-02-26 · BOMBARDIER INC CL-600-2C10 · Endeavor Airlines
crosswind wind conditions while attempting to land and a subsequent go-around.
DCA26LA1152026-02-09 · AIRBUS A321-271NX · JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORP
go-around, resulting in an increase in the airplane pitch attitude and subsequent
DCA25LA3392025-09-25 · EMBRAER EMB-145XR · CommuteAir
go-around procedures and that they would divert to Piedmont Triad International
DCA25LA2752025-07-26 · BOEING 737-8 · American Airlines, Inc.
The failure of the airplane’s left main landing gear tires and
OPS25LA0482025-07-15 · EMBRAER ERJ 170-200 LR · SKYWEST AIRLINES INC
go-around approximately 4 miles from the threshold of runway 10R at Monterey
DCA25LA1842025-04-16 · AIRBUS A321-271NX · Frontier Airlines
go-around. The captain stated that he believed the aircraft was “running
DCA25LA0152024-10-29 · AIRBUS A300 F4-622R · United Parcel Service Co
The pilot’s incorrect pitch attitude during a bounced landing which resulted
DCA23LA4092023-08-03 · BOEING 767-322 · UNITED AIRLINES INC
Improper overhaul of the trunnion cross-pin hole that resulted in the
DCA23FA3392023-06-28 · BOEING 717-200 · Delta Air Lines Inc
A fatigue fracture of the upper lock link that initiated along scratch
DCA23LA1852023-02-23 · BOMBARDIER INC CL-600-2D24 · MESA AIRLINES INC
go-around of a third airplane that was approaching a different runway
DCA23LA1792023-02-17 · BOEING 737-823 · AMERICAN AIRLINES INC
The local controller’s failure to prioritize and properly monitor the runway
DCA22LA1782022-08-07 · BOEING 757-251 · DELTA AIR LINES INC
The overpitch control of the airplane during landing resulting in a tail
DCA22LA1332022-06-21 · BOEING 737-9 · UNITED AIRLINES INC
The flightcrew’s misidentification of the intended landing runway, which resulted in
ERA22FA0042021-10-05 · DASSAULT Falcon 20 · Pak West Airlines Inc.
The flight crew’s continuation of an unstable dark night visual approach
DCA22LA0022021-09-27 · BOEING 757-224 · United Airlines Inc.
The nose high attitude on landing resulted in a tailstrike.
DCA22LA0042021-09-23 · AIRBUS A321-271N · HAWAIIAN AIRLINES INC
The captain’s improper landing flare, which resulted in an excessive sink
DCA21LA2102021-08-12 · MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-11F · UNITED PARCEL SERVICE CO
The flight crew’s incorrect pitch attitude during go-around.
OPS21LA0032021-06-11 · BOEING 737-8H4 · SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO
go-around radio instruction from the air traffic control tower to the arrival
DCA20LA0132019-11-11 · Embraer EMB145 · Envoy Air Inc.
The flight crew’s inability to maintain the airplane on the runway
DCA19LA1932019-08-08 · Airbus A321 · Frontier Airlines
decision to do a go-around at a low altitude with an excessive rotation rate.
DCA19CA1692019-06-09 · Boeing 737 · UNITED AIR LINES INC
the early initiation of the landing flare that resulted in a high
DCA19MA1432019-05-04 · Boeing 737 · Miami Air International
An extreme loss of braking friction due to heavy rain and the
DCA19FA0892019-03-04 · Embraer EMB145 · Commutair
The flight crew’s decision, due to confirmation bias, to continue the
DCA19MA0862019-02-23 · Boeing 767 · Atlas Air
go-around mode, which led to his spatial disorientation and nose-down
DCA19LA0702019-01-29 · Boeing 727 200 · Kalitta Charters Ii Llc
the captain's decision to continue the landing with an unsafe gear
DCA19IA0362018-12-06 · Boeing 737 · Southwest Airlines
(1) The flight crewmembers’ decision, due to plan continuation bias, to continue
DCA18IA0262017-11-29 · BOEING 737-932ER · Delta Air Lines
go-around thrust after the captain called for the go-around and the captain
OPS17IA0142017-02-16 · EMBRAER S A ERJ 170-200 LR · Compass Airlines
The local controller's issuance of a landing clearance for runway 28L
DCA17IA0202016-10-27 · BOEING 737 7L9 · Eastern Airlines Group, Inc.,
go-around, which resulted in the airplane landing more than halfway down
DCA16LA1002016-02-24 · EMBRAER EMB145 · TRANS STATES AIRLINES INC
after the first officer applied maximum thrust to conduct a go-around.
DCA15LA1732015-08-15 · AIRBUS A321 · AMERICAN AIRLINES INC
go-around. Contributing to the accident was the captain's decision to continue
DCA15IA0892015-03-14 · BOMBARDIER INC CL 600 2C10 · GOJET AIRLINES LLC
The nose landing gear’s failure to fully extend due to missing
CEN15FA0032014-10-04 · BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON 206L 1 · AIR EVAC EMS INC
go-around at a low airspeed in dark, night conditions, which resulted
DCA14FA0582014-02-05 · EMBRAER EMB145 - EP · Trans States Airlines, LLC
the failure of the flight crew to adequately monitor the system for
DCA13FA1312013-07-22 · BOEING 737 7H4 · SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO
go-around. Contributing to the accident was the captain's failure to comply
DCA13MA1202013-07-06 · BOEING 777-200ER · Asiana Airlines
go-around after they became aware that the airplane was below acceptable
ERA13MA1392013-02-21 · BEECH 390 · Richard Z. Trammell
go-around on the runway. Contributing to the accident were the pilot
DCA12IA1132012-07-27 · BOEING 737-3H4 · SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO
the rupture of the nose landing gear hydraulic line that resulted from
DCA12IA0962012-06-17 · AIRBUS A320 · JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORPORATION
the failure of the right main landing gear door retraction flexible hydraulic
OPS12IA5352012-04-27 · ·
go-around during simultaneous independent runway operations on runways that do not physically
DCA12WA0022011-10-12 · BOEING 767 · HAWAIIAN AIRLINES INC
go-around on the instruction of air traffic control. Neither aircraft sustained
ANC11FA1072011-09-24 · DEHAVILLAND DHC-3T · PAKLOOK AIR INC
The pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from a tree during a
CEN11IA3412011-05-17 · BEECH 1900D · Great Lakes Aviation
The fatigue failure of the nose landing gear (NLG) end cap, which
DCA11FA0352011-03-23 · AIRBUS F4-622R · United Parcel Service Company
airplane pitch-up induced by ground spoiler deployment during the go-around.
DCA10WA0982010-09-22 · MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-11F ·
go-around at Kabul Afghanistan. The aircraft had minor damage and there
WPR10IA2562010-05-23 · BOMBARDIER INC CL-600-2B19 · SKYWEST AIRLINES INC
Failure of the airplane’s nose landing gear to extend for undetermined