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expanded Appendix C icing certification envelope, which would include thin, rough ice accumulations and intercycle and residual ice. Therefore, the Safety Board believes that ... organizations, conduct additional research to identify realistic ice accumulations, to include intercycle and residual ice accumulations and ice accumulations on unprotected surfaces

page 1] EMBRAER ICING CONSULTATION ESI Project: 48658C NOTICE: This document contains proprietary information of Embraer SA, including its subsidiaries and affiliates. EMBRAER objects ... page 2] 4775 Centennial Boulevard, Suite 106 Colorado Springs, CO 80919 EMBRAER ICING CONSULTATION ESI Project: 48658C Report Prepared for: Embraer S.A. Av. Brigadeiro Faria

Comair flight 5054, an Embraer-120RT, registration number N266CA, reported encountering icing conditions and losing approximately 8,000 feet before recovering at 10,000 feet ... through IV-18). The airplane lift coefficient derived for other EMB-120 icing events (Comair 3272 accident, Westair icing incident, and the Pine Bluff accident

performance margins for operations in icing conditions were based on the worst-case ice accretions examined during icing certification. Ice accretions with less severe performance ... ice accumulation is such that ice protection systems fail to remove the accumulation of ice, and ice accumulates in locations not normally prone to icing

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. ATR Presentation – ATR-42 Icing Systems and Design Changes Since Roselawn (17 Pages) [page 2] AATTRR4422--332200 IIccee PPrrootteeccttiioonn ... Systems NTSB –September 23, 2009 Page 1 [page 3] ATR42-320 Ice Protection Systems SSyysstteemm llooccaattiioonnss Pneumatic Horizontal stabilizer Wing leading edges De-icing leading

mile from GAI and also in conditions that were favorable for structural icing for at least ten minutes during the approach. Multiple jet air carriers ... vicinity of the accident site reported icing conditions in the clouds with cloud tops ranging from 4,300 ft to 5,500 ft above mean

Figures 5 and 6 show the parameters related to the aircraft de-icing systems for the last 10 minutes of the flight and the whole ... flight, respectively. No de-icing system activity or faults were indicated for the last 10 minutes of the flight. The de-icing systems were active

operations and indicated 05:17:00.4 they would need to be de-iced before departure. The flight crew radioed company operations and indicated ... they would need to be de-iced before departure. The first officer remarked that this was the first time

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. FAA Presentation – Proposed Expanded Icing Envelope (11 Pages) [page 2] Witness Panel #4 – Federal Aviation Administration FAA Icing Operational ... Guidance Proposed Expanded Icing Envelope Presented to: NTSB Public Hearing, Empire Airlines Flight 8284 By: Tom Bond Date: September 23, 2009 [page

constant 170 kts. At 18:38:42 the aircraft reported moderate mixed ice and requested a new altitude of 14,000 ft. Anchorage Center cleared ... Aircraft may L Lmax stall before clean-wing stall predictions due to icing. A build-up of ice can change the aerodynamic shape

avoid a deep stall condition in a non-iced condition which may be unrecoverable. The stick pusher is considered “stall” on the ATR-42 when ... ice protection system (IPS) is turned off. The stick shaker angle-of-attack activation angle (or trigger angle) is lowered when the IPS is selected

transcript contained the engine start, the taxi to the de-icing area, the takeoff and aborted takeoff, and the subsequent runway overrun. CHI01FA104 [page ... area microphone voice or sound source MCH Voice identified as aircraft mechanic ICE Voice identified as de-icing crewman PA Voice transmitted over aircraft public

Rudder pedal application for final moments of flight. Weather Observations and Icing The official weather prior to the accident reported by Automatic Terminal Information Service ... data from Table 1. The NTSB Meteorology Factual Report states that the icing charts from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR

Heading Norm Ref Sel True Heading Reference Selected Heading True Ref Sel Ice Detected Left Cowl Ice Det Cowl-L Ice Detected Right Cowl Ice ... Cowl-R Ice Detectors Failed EICAS Advisory Ice Det Fail Adv (EICAS) Left Ice Detector Failed Ice Det Fail-L Right Ice Detector Failed Ice

Push lin On() E g2 Air Bleed PushB1n On () Off Eng2 Ami-Ice Pill() Eng1 A i-lceP1B() I On On No1 Fully Closed Eng1 ... Anti lceP!II() I I I I On Off I Wing Anti Ice r em() on Not Closed Wing Anti lc LHValve () I Closed

page 2] FAA Certification Federal Aviation Administration Requirements for Airplane Handling Qualities – Icing and Asymmetric Flap Deployment Transport Category Airplanes Presented to: NTSB Public Hearing ... page 3] FAA Handling Qualities Requirements Applicable to ATR 42-320 Icing Airplane must be able to safely operate in icing (cid:52) conditions specified

time forecast moderate icing below 8,000 ft, the evening shift pilot did not remember seeing an AIRMET for icing along the route. The evening ... recall seeing an AIRMET for icing; however, the HEMS Weather Tool would have shown an AIRMET for moderate icing conditions below 8,000 ft along

flights, AIRMET [airmen’s meteorological information]6 flight advisories for occasional moderate icing and occasional moderate turbulence, forecast airport conditions, winds and temperatures aloft ... AIRMETs warned of occasional moderate rime to mixed icing in clouds and in precipitation below 22,000 feet. Another AIRMET warned of occasional moderate turbulence

Radio Altitude 2 Altitude Radio 2 ft Eng 1 Anti-Ice P/B On Anti-Ice PB Eng1 Eng 2 Anti-Ice P/B On Anti-Ice ... Eng2 Eng 1 Anti-Ice Valve Not Fault Anti-Ice Valve Eng1 Eng 2 Anti-Ice Valve Not Fault Anti-Ice Valve Eng2 Wing Anti

data are presented for flaps 5 and flaps full, ISA conditions, anti-ice off, and autobrakes off. These data are applicable to Embraer 170 airplanes ... CF34-8E5 engines. The FAA data include additional tables to account for ice accretion effects. 13.0 Additional CLE Data Runway 10-28 protection zone

inches of mercury; runway condition; engine bleed status; engine and wing anti-ice status; enroute icing status; landing flap position; arrival runway; maximum takeoff weight ... final. REV. ENG/ # WIND TEMP QNH R/W BLEEDS WNG A/I ICE FP RWY WT LMT 1 CALM

Mode Parameters [page 15] Figure 11. Discrete Parameters [page 16] Figure 12. Ice Discretes [page 17] 5.3.2 Previously Recorded Data In reviewing the last ... Radio Altitude 2 14 Altitude Selected (ft) Altitude Selected 15 Anti‐Ice PB Eng1 (discrete) Left Engine Anti‐Ice PB 16 Anti‐Ice PB Eng2

becomes active. Figure’s 5 and 6 show the recorded anti-ice parameters for the event flight and the prior flight. Figure 6 shows recorded ... anti-ice parameter signatures during the prior flight that are consistent with a functional check of the anti-ice system occurring

RRullemakkiing AActtiiviittiies • IPWHG tasked by the ARAC (cid:57) Review the icing envelope (Appendix C + SLD) (cid:57) MMeeaannss ttoo tteellll tthhee ccrreeww wwhheenn ttoo ... ssyysstteemmss (cid:57) Means to tell the crew when to leave the icing environment NTSB –23 September 2009 Page 2 [page 4] Aircraft Performance Monitoring

condition was reported as thin loose snow over patchy thin snow and ice. A previously landing aircraft, a Challenger 30, reported braking action ... 1/3rd. A departing Pilatus reported bases as 6,900 feet, trace rime ice from 13,000 to 15,000 and negative turbulence in the climb

results are compared to certification polars, clean and polluted (3” + Intercycle ice shapes) aircraft. NTSB –September 23, 2009Page 3 [page 5] DRAG ANALYSIS RESULTS (Flaps ... First icing encounter Level 180 and 140 0.06 0.055 P ll t d Ai ft 0.05 ffeo Polluted Aicraft MSN 175 Certification Polar Flight

they didn't do a twenty four hour ice protection test. 21:32:15.4 HOT-1 yeah I just ... just twenty four ice test complete? or write—. DCA09MA027 CVR Factual Report Page 12-18 [page 19] INTRA-AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION TIME

okay. 00:11:34.3 HOT-2 are we gettin' ice now? 00:11:36.8 HOT-1 [exhale] a little bit. DCA14FA058 CVR Factual Report, Page ... okay. 00:18:17.7 HOT-2 ahh. we had ice and [stammer] our ice systems never kicked

Labels Units Figure(s) Angle of Attack AOA deg 9,10 Anti-Ice Wing Anti Ice Wing 9,10 Computed Airspeed Airspeed Comp ... Pack OnOff -3 7,8 Engine 1 Anti-Ice Cowl Eng1 Anti-Ice Cowl 9,10 Engine 1 Broadband Vibration Eng1 BB Vib scalar

Chiller Installation 61.0 13298.0 68145 52379662 25-240 3/11/2004 Install G1 Ice Drawer 5.4 866.3 68150 52380529 Printed 1/4/2008 A5.3 [page 4] Operational Items ... Removal of HF1 System 24-240 5.4 866.32 Install G1 Ice Drawer 25-200 56.4 21364 Install Emerg. Med Kit Brackets

Reinforce crew awareness and vigilance by embodying ATR Mod 5008 “ Modification of ICING light flash logic“ and Replace median wing boots by extended boots (Mods ... revision to reduce the hazards associated with inadvertent encounter with severe icing conddiittiions. EEquiivallentt DDGGAACC-FF 11999999-001155-4400 RR22 ffor AATTRR7722‘‘s: It merged

after start ah. bleeds and packs are auto and on. anti-ice is off. probes on. transponder set number ah one. A-P-U electrics ... they're on. 14:11:24.4 HOT-2 ignition. anti-ice is off. CAS checked. 14:11:27.3 HOT-1 takeoff configs okay

freezing rain * and the temperature went real low...so there was frozen ice hard frozen ice all over the airplane...and in the morning ... airplanes were all frozen but that one had been de-iced...*** there were some issues *** go get us another airplane...this was a dash eight

accident involving USAir flight 405, at Flushing, New York; “Takeoff Stall in Icing Conditions, USAir flight 405, Fokker F-28, N485US, LaGuardia Airport, Flushing ... Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-91/09.” See also “The Effect of Wing Ice Contamination on Essential Flight Characteristics”, by Douglas Aircraft Company's deputy chief design engineer

during portions of the accident flight where the airplane was free of ice. This was done to ensure a good match between the models ... That put the airplane in visible moisture, an essential element for ice, for approximately 15 min. 1 Embraer’s aerodynamic and engine models

degrees) 12. Ctrl Whl Pos (deg) Control Wheel Position (degrees) 13. De-Ice Airframe Air Frame De-Icing (discrete) 14. Elevator-L (deg) Elevator Position ... deviation, localizer deviation and autopilot engage information. Plot six contains pitch and icing indications including flap and flap asymmetry indications. Plots seven through eleven contain

airspeed indications during climbout through 19,000 feet in heavy rain and icing conditions over Union Star, Missouri. The aircraft subsequently entered into several large ... conditioning and all other accessory bleeds, including wing and nacelle anti-ice, off. The electronic engine controller (EEC) and gas generator models were delivered

later, the captain commented that they were picking up some “…chunky-rime…” icing. At 0220 UTC, the flight established contact with Dayton Approach ... feet. At 0228 UTC, the captain reported picking up light rime icing from 16,000 down to 10,000, but reported no icing at their

comin' right up. 04:18:52 HOT-1 uh descent...uh anti-ice is on level three. altimeters three zero one three on the left ... gonna beeee the thirty three card. one oh six is the icing speed...one oh six one twelve...uh twenty three and forty three. CEN09MA142

Weather observations indicate visibility was deteriorating, snow was falling, and snow and ice was reported on the runway. There were no injuries among the three ... four contaminant types, compact snow, loose snow, standing water / slush, and ice were computed using the contaminated landing runway length charts in the Company Flight

only LSPS data account for engine anti-ice on. Boeing stated that the engine anti-ice bleeds for the reverse thrust condition should not significantly ... Manual Slippery Runway Landing Performance When landing on slippery runways contaminated with ice, snow, slush or standing water, the reported braking action must be considered

feet) 11. Altitude Rad-R (ft) Radio Altitude Right (feet) 12. Anti-Ice Wing (na)2 Anti-Ice Wing status 13. Anti-Skid Caut ... Left (degrees) 48. Heading Mag-R (deg) Magnetic Heading Right (degrees) 49. Ice-L (na) Ice Left status 50. Ice-R (na) Ice Right status

taxiway charlie * pick up the marshaller * facing south *. 0514:24 HOT-1 * # ice *. 0514:26.5 RDO-3 uh that's gate three, taxiway charlie ... ahead and open the engine anti-ice, Dave, we're pickin' up a little bit ah ice *. 0514:37 RAMP that oughta be taxiway Charlie

Comp (kts) Computed Airspeed 7. Altitude Press (ft) Pressure Altitude 8. Anti-Ice Cowl-L (discrete) Anti-Ice Cowl Left 9. Anti-Ice Cowl ... discrete) Anti-Ice Cowl Right 10. Anti-ice Wing (discrete) Anti-Ice on Wing 11. AP Cmd-C_All (discrete) Autopilot Command-Center

real slow. 2320:12 HOT-1 we're out of get the ice on. 2320:14 HOT-1 ice protection ice protection ... down too fast. 2325:31 HOT-2 got that uh anti ice and # on? 2325:33 HOT-1 yeah everything

Phenom 100 FAA AFM states that crews “must activate the ice protection system when icing conditions exist or are anticipated as follows ... Switch....................................... OFF WSHLD 1 & 2 Switches................................. OFF At the first sign of ice formation or if SAT (TAT inflight) is below 5°C with visible

type four moderate and light. moderate to light intensity for freezing fog...ice crystals. it says freezing fog ice crystals. moderate to light ... captured. direct Patuxent. 10:06:57.7 HOT-1 anti ice is comin on. 10:07:04.6 HOT-2 very well good thanks

values and will trip if a significant split occurs. Eng1 Anti-Ice Engine 1 Anti-Ice Eng1 Bleed Air Engine 1 Bleed Air Eng1 ... Reverser Position Eng1 TRA Engine 1 Throttle Resolver Angle deg Eng2 Anti-Ice Engine 2 Anti-Ice Eng2 Bleed Air Engine 2 Bleed Air Eng2

altitude alert] 11:06:15 HOT-1 we're gettin' some ice. 11:06:20 HOT-2 winds calm. six hundred foot ceiling. overcast ... feet. 11:06:25 HOT-1 you watch 'em— you watch this ice for me. windshield's icing over too. I better

checked, gravity cross-flow, checked, duct monitor, checked, hydraulics, auto and on, ice detector, has been checked, cabin signs are on, emergency lights are armed ... another Coke from you? 05:53:05.2 CAM-3 would you like ice? 05:53:06.1 CAM-1 no thanks. DCA06MA064 [page