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Cases › ENG11IA051 · Part 121 airline

BOEING 757-222UNITED AIRlNES INC

Denver, CO, USA · 2011-09-26·N526UA

0
fatal
0
serious
No injury
highest injury
Minor
damage

What happened

NTSB summary, verbatim

On September 26, 2011, 1637 mountain daylight time, a Boeing B-757-222, registration number N526UA, operated by United Airlines (UAL) as flight 909, and powered by two Pratt & Whitney PW2037M turbofan engines, experienced a left engine (No. 1) bird strikeF following touchdown on runway 35R at the Denver International Airport (DEN), Denver, Colorado. According to the flightcrew, after initial touchdown and the application of full reverse thrust, two hawks were observed on the centerline of runway 35R and shortly thereafter impacts were felt on the fuselage. The airplane was towed to the gate using a tug where the passengers deplaned normally. The incident flight was a 14 CFR Part 121 domestic passenger flight from Chicago O’Hare Airport (ORD) to DEN. Examination of the airplane revealed only minor gouging of the fuselage while the No. 1 engine inlet cowl exhibited multiple impacts, gouges, and through-holes. Examination of the No. 1 engine revealed that all the fan blades were extensively damaged, three fractured transversely across the airfoil at or near the mid-span shroud, but no penetration or breaches were observed in any of the engine cases. The bird remains recovered within the No. 1 engine were identified as coming from a female Red-Tailed Hawk. An intact bird that struck the side of the No. 1 inlet was also identified as a Red-Tailed Hawk but was not sexed. Comparing the airplane and engine damage to the requirements for bird ingestion and engine debris containment at the time the engine and airplane were both certificated revealed that the engine complied with the bird ingestion and containment requirements set forth in Parts 33.77 and 33.19 and the airplane complied with the containment requirements set forth in Parts 25.903.

Photographs

1the aircraft, and what the investigators found
The aircraft before the accident
N526UA B757-222 United YVR 10APR10 (6673595467)
Ken Fielding · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Probable cause

the Board's determination
**This probable cause was modified on 4/5/2012. Please see the public docket for this accident to view the original probable cause.** The initial damage to the fan blades was caused by the ingestion of a Red-Tailed Hawk that caused one or more fan blades to fracture, striking the fan case and causing it to bulge. The initial fan blade fragment release impacted and damaged other passing fan blades generating various sized blades fragments. Some of these blade fragments were propelled forward of the fan case by passing fan blades and were reingested, creating a cascading effect of collateral impact damage to the other fan blades, the fan case, and the inlet cowl.

Occurrence sequence

1 stepsNTSB coding · CICTT taxonomy
  1. 1 · Landing-landing roll
    Birdstrike
    defining event

Findings

1 causal · 4 contributing
  • CAUSE
    Environmental issues › Physical environment › Object/animal/substance › Animal(s)/bird(s) — Effect on equipment
  • FACTOR
    Aircraft › Aircraft power plant › Power plant › Engine cowling system — Damaged/degraded
  • FACTOR
    Aircraft › Aircraft power plant › Power plant › Engine cowling system — Capability exceeded
  • FACTOR
    Aircraft › Aircraft power plant › Engine (turbine/turboprop) › Compressor section — Damaged/degraded
  • FACTOR
    Aircraft › Aircraft power plant › Engine (turbine/turboprop) › Compressor section — Capability exceeded

Sequence of events

6 timed eventsfrom the FDR factual report · claude-sonnet-5
  1. 1637:01landingp.3
    Aircraft air/ground mode switched to ground
  2. 1637:34landingp.3
    Heading change from about 348 degrees to 319 degrees, occurring 33 seconds after air/ground switch to ground
  3. after 1638:13landingp.3
    The airspeeds recorded after this time are not reliable
  4. shortly after thrust reverser deploymentlandingp.3
    A split in N1 and N2
  5. coincident with thrust reverser deploymentlandingp.3
    Increase in fuel flow, followed by number 1 engine fuel flow indicating zero along with a decrease in oil pressure
  6. during the landinglandingp.3
    The left Shutoff Valve shows a change of state from open to closed

NTSB analysis

from the final report

On September 26, 2011, 1637 mountain daylight time, a Boeing B-757-222, registration number N526UA, operated by United Airlines (UAL) as flight 909, and powered by two Pratt & Whitney PW2037M turbofan engines, experienced a left engine (No. 1) bird strikeF following touchdown on runway 35R at the Denver International Airport (DEN), Denver, Colorado. According to the flightcrew, after initial touchdown and the application of full reverse thrust, two hawks were observed on the centerline of runway 35R and shortly thereafter impacts were felt on the fuselage. The airplane was towed to the gate using a tug where the passengers deplaned normally. The incident flight was a 14 CFR Part 121 domestic passenger flight from Chicago O’Hare Airport (ORD) to DEN. Examination of the airplane revealed only minor gouging of the fuselage while the No. 1 engine inlet cowl exhibited multiple impacts, gouges, and through-holes. Examination of the No. 1 engine revealed that all the fan blades were extensively damaged, three fractured transversely across the airfoil at or near the mid-span shroud, but no penetration or breaches were observed in any of the engine cases. The bird remains recovered within the No. 1 engine were identified as coming from a female Red-Tailed Hawk. An intact bird that struck the side of the No. 1 inlet was also identified as a Red-Tailed Hawk but was not sexed. Comparing the airplane and engine damage to the requirements for bird ingestion and engine debris containment at the time the engine and airplane were both certificated revealed that the engine complied with the bird ingestion and containment requirements set forth in Parts 33.77 and 33.19 and the airplane complied with the containment requirements set forth in Parts 25.903.